CYIL 2010

EMIL RUFFER CYIL 1 ȍ2010Ȏ II). S postupem řízení ve věci Lisabon II došlo k dalšímu zajímavému vývoji, když prezident republiky požádal o dodatečné záruky ve formě přistoupení ke shora uvedenému Protokolu o uplatňování Listiny EU v Polsku a Spojeném království jako podmínku pro dokončení ratifikace. Ve druhé části článek nabízí přehled a analýzu hlavních změn zavedených Lisabonskou smlouvou v oblasti mezinárodních smluv v rámci EU (právní subjektivita EU, smlouvy v oblasti SZBP a JHA, vnější pravomoc ve společné obchodní politice, vnitrostátní účinky smluv EU). Key words: Treaty of Lisbon, European Union, ratification process, Constitutional Court, sovereignty, rule of law, transfer of competence, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, EU international agreements, EU external competence, EU legal personality, common foreign and security policy, justice and home affairs, common commercial policy. On the author: He was born in Prague in 1974. Graduated from the Charles University, Faculty of Law, in 2001. From 1996 to 1997 he studied European Law and Politics at the Cardiff Law School under the Tempus (PHARE) programme; for the academic year 2000-2001 he received Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship for studies of European and International Public Law at the Humboldt University in Berlin. He has been working in the EC Law Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic since 2003 and became its director in 2008. In 2007 he received Ph.D. from the Charles University, Faculty of Law (doctoral programme Public Law I: European, International and Constitutional Law) upon completing research in the area of legal aspects of EU external relations, which is one his fields of specialisation. During the United Kingdom’s Presidency in the EU (6-12/2005) he was posted at the Czech Embassy in London. I. Introduction The Treaty of Lisbon 2 constitutes a major amendment to the legal framework 3 of the European Union and introduces some significant changes in the institutional structure, legal status and international treaties’ practice of the Union. The road to Lisbon was quite arduous. Especially so in the Czech Republic, where the Treaty of Lisbon was challenged on two occasions before the Constitutional Court (and once indirectly), the act of ratification was postponed indefinitely and, as the last straw, in October 2009 the Czech President suddenly demanded an “opt-out” from the legally binding Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (hereinafter the “EU Charter”), raising the issue of the potential for alleged claims for property that had been confiscated after the Second World War on the basis of the so-called “Presidential Decrees”. 4 2 Treaty of Lisbon, amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007 (Official Journal C 306 of 17 December 2007; hereinafter the “Treaty of Lisbon” or the “Treaty”). 3 Unless expressly stated otherwise, I am referring to the renumbered versions of the Treaty on EU (TEU) and the (renamed) Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) as amended by the Treaty of Lisbon. 4 Temporary executive acts issued by the then Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš between 1940-1946,

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