CYIL vol. 11 (2020)

CYIL 11 (2020) THE WITHDRAWAL ACT OF 2018 AND THE EUROPEAN JUDICIAL AREA … things, divorces, defamation (with the so-called libel tourism phenomenon 13 ) and insolvency proceedings, as well as in general as a preferred European location for the financial world 14 . The abolition of the free movement of persons, the right of establishment and the freedom to provide services, together with the almost total dismantling of cooperation in civil and commercial matters, could cause a change in the habits of European citizens and businesses which could put at risk the position of supremacy of the United Kingdom which has hitherto been a secure source of income for it, as well as political prestige and cultural influence. 3. The circulation of decisions in civil and commercial matters: The revocation of the Brussels-Lugano regime and accession to the 2005 Hague Convention on choice of court agreements From the point of view of its relevance, at least quantitative, the change that will affect the most the cross-border legal relations between the United Kingdom and the States of the Union concerns the sector of the free movement of judicial measures in civil and commercial matters, expression of the principle mutual recognition of judicial and extrajudicial decisions pursuant to art. 81 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 15 . The Brussels-Lugano regime, which lays down uniform rules on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters not only between the Member States of the Union, including Denmark, but also in their relations with Iceland, Norway and Switzerland, is almost completely overwhelmed by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations of 2019 16 . These determine the termination of the applicability in the United Kingdom of both the two main regulations that have followed over time (on 44/2001 17 , cd Brussels I and the 1215/2012, so called: Bruxelles Ibis 18 ) and 13 For further details see: HARTLEY, T. ‘Libel tourism and conflict of laws’, (2000), 49 ICLQ 25ss. ALDAG, O. ‘Jurisdiction after Brexit and the applicable law on cyber defamation claims in the United Kingdom’s and Germany’s private international law’, (2017), 13, A-GLJ , 7ss. 14 F. DE LA PEŇA, ‘Gentle Brexit, a very British Exit: EEA Membership as the Most Favourable Model to Secure Financial Services Passports’, (2016), 27 (7), EBLR , 1057ss. ARMSTRONG, K.A. Brexit time: Learning the EU-Why how and when?, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017) 178ss. HENCKEL, K. Cross- border transfers of undertaking. A European perspective , (Kluwer Law International, New York, 2016). PÈREZ CRESPO, M. J. ‘After Brexit. The best of both worlds? Rebutting the Norwegian and Swiss models as long-term options for the UK’, (2017), 36, YEL 98ss. 15 HATJE, A., TERHECHTE, J. P., MÜLLER-GRAFF, P. C. Europarechtswissenschaft , (ed. Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2018). SCHWARZE, J., BECKER, HATJE, V., A., SCHOO, J. EU-Kommentar , (ed. Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2019). KELLERBAUER, M., KLAMERT, M., TOMKIN, J. Commentary on the European Union treaties and the Charter of fundamental rights , (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019). MANGAS MARTÍN, A. Tratado de la Uniòn Europea, Tratado de Funcionamiento , (ed. Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2018). 16 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2019/9780111176726/contents. 17 Council Regulation EC No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, OJ L 12, 16. 1. 2001, pp. 1-23. 18 Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, OJ L 351, 20. 12. 2012, p. 1-32, entry in force from 10 January 2015. See in argument: NIELSEN, P. A. ‘The New Brussels I Regulation’, (2013), 50 (3), CMLR , 503ss. HAY, P. ‘Notes on the European Union’s Brussels-I “Recast” Regulation’, (2013) ELF , 2ss. POHL, M. ‘Die Neufassung der EuGVVO-im Spannungsfeld zwischen Vertrauen und Kontrolle’, (2013), 33 PIP-undV 109ss. NUYTS, A. ‘La refonte du règlement Bruxelles I’, (2013), RCDP 3ss. BERAUDO, I.P. ‘Regards sur le nouveau Règlement Bruxelles I sur la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale’, (2013), JDI 742ss. STAUDINGER, A. Schiedsspruch

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