CYIL vol. 14 (2023)

CYIL 14 (2023) THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE human right. This survey indicates that fragmentation remains a small but real risk in the international legal system. The following chapters deal with procedures and working processes of the ICJ. Dr. Callista Harris, in Chapter 11, focuses on the working practices of the Court. She appreciates reforms made to the working practices in order to increase the speed of cases, as well as to improve the processes. Specific aspects of the procedure in contentious cases are examined in Chapter 12 by Dr. Kate Parlett and Amy Sander. They set out the current rules and practice for the key features of the procedure. The authors also comment on the way in which they have evolved and make suggestions for further innovation of the procedure by the Court. In Chapter 13, Samuel Wordsworth QC and Kate Parlett examine both written and oral advocacy before the Court. It starts from the point that the task of the advocate is to persuade, which is difficult in particular before the ICJ “given that the bench is comprised of fifteen or more judges with different legal backgrounds and experience”. (p. 277) They also emphasize the significant role the advocate has to play in the pre-litigation stage and in early procedural exchanges, including the work with the client. Finally, Part III of the book goes beyond the historical, institutional, and procedural aspects of the ICJ. It assesses the impact of the Court’s jurisprudence on the principal substantive areas of international law which have been the subject of the Court’s cases. Each chapter, written by an eminent specialist in the area, provides an overview of the contribution of the ICJ to the development of the law by reference to its jurisprudence. Since the following eight chapters cover virtually all major areas of contemporary international law, the reviewer only recalls these chapters and their authors. Chapter 14 (Prof. Antonio Remiro Brotóns) examines the law of treaties, in particular treaty interpretation, in the jurisprudence of the ICJ. Professors Marcelo Kohen and Mamadou Hébié (Chapter 15) look at territorial disputes, which is an area where the Court had considerable latitude to assess the applicable law in multiple cases. In the next chapter, Professor Nilüfer Oral considers the contribution of the Court to the law of the sea in the four key areas: maritime delimitation cases, the status of islands and rocks, navigational rights in straights, and the conservation of natural resources. In turn, Prof. Daniel Bodansky (Chapter 17) addresses the Court’s influence on international environmental law. He also reflects on potential future evolutions of the Court’s role in international environmental law, given the increasing number of disputes in this field in recent years. Dr. Federica Paddeu (Chapter 18) considers the law of State responsibility, starting from the statistical data (at least 91 out of 151 cases filed before the Court between 1945 and 2020 involved claims about State responsibility). The author of the chapter first looks back to the Court’s contribution to the codification of that law by the ILC, then at the Court’s current attitude to the Articles on State responsibility (ARSIWA), but also to the future, addressing the challenge of multilateral disputes that arise from obligations erga omnes . She rightly recalls that the Court greatly contributed to the ARSIWA with authority that they have today. Prof. Roger O’Keefe in Chapter 19 focuses on the Court’s contribution to the law on jurisdictional immunities. He argued that the ICJ has affirmed basic aspects of international law of immunities and reasserted an orthodox vision of the role of jurisdictional immunities in the international legal order. The contribution of the ICJ to the law on the use of force is subject of Chapter 20 by Professor Alejandro Chehtman. He considers the case law on the

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