CYIL vol. 16 (2025)

LENKA SCHEU, ANŽELIKA BANEVIČIENĖ a positive relationship with perceived likelihood of sousveillance and sousveillance worry. Moreover, viral video exposure has an indirect effect on worry through perceived likelihood. 37 Finally, the recording of police actions can ensure transparency in police actions and increase society’s trust in the police. Police officers are public officials tasked with protecting the community, and their actions should be subject to public scrutiny. Recording their activities provides a crucial layer of oversight, allowing the public to monitor police behaviour and ensure that officers are acting within the law. 38 The practice of recording police is essential for ensuring government transparency, as it enables citizens to observe, document, and challenge official actions. 39 In summary, the need to expose officers’ misuse of power, collect evidence, and positively change police behaviour, as well as ensure transparency in police actions and accountability of police officers for misconduct, underscores the importance of allowing civilians to record police actions. International frameworks provide a robust foundation for recognising and protecting the right to record police activities. 40 Each country is obligated to guarantee to everyone the freedom of opinion and expression, which encompasses the right to collect and disseminate information about public officials, 41 as stipulated in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 42 Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights stipulates that freedom of expression encompasses the right to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds. 43 This provision indicates that freedom of expression should be extended to internet communication. 44 In Europe, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, similar to UN documents, also guarantees freedom of expression. 45 This right includes the freedom to receive implementation of model policy and training procedures protecting the right to photograph and record on-duty police, Lewis & Clark Law Review , 18(2), 543–[ii], p. 552. 37 ROCHE, S. P. (2024), Cops and cells: Theorizing and assessing the implications of smartphone surveillance for policing (Legacy Theses & Dissertations), University at Albany, State University of New York, p. 71. 38 CHAUDHARY, N. (2024), The concept and review of right to record police, Nyaayshastra Law Review , 4(2), 1–13. p. 5. 39 CHAUDHARY, N. (2024), The concept and review of right to record police, Nyaayshastra Law Review , 4(2), 1–13. p. 5. 40 United Nations Human Rights Council (17 July 2018), The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the internet (A/HRC/RES/38/7), https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1639840?v=pdf. 41 Ibid. 42 United Nations (n.d.), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal declaration-of-human-rights. 43 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (n.d.), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant civil-and-political-rights. 44 United Nations Human Rights Council (5 July 2018), Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 5 July 2018: The promotion and protection of human rights in the context of peaceful protests (A/HRC/ RES/38/7), United Nations Digital Library, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1639840/files/A_HRC_ RES_38_7-EN.pdf. 45 Council of Europe. (n.d.), European Convention on Human Rights, https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/ echr/convention_ENG. Legal framework for ensuring the society’s right to know about police actions

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