CYIL vol. 16 (2025)

JAN ONDŘEJ, VERONIKA D’EVEREUX controlled exclusively by artificial intelligence, that is, fully autonomous means of transport. It appears more realistic that, from a legal perspective, whether at the level of international law or EU rules, the cases to be addressed will involve autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles under human supervision. The relevant international organizations, namely the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization, are currently engaged in the preparation of relevant rules. Within the European Union, legal acts concerning autonomous trains and automobiles are gradually being adopted. The existence of fully autonomous means of transport is, however, technically highly plausible in the future, considering the ongoing development and testing of such technologies. Therefore, in order to bring these vehicles into operation, it will be necessary to adopt appropriate legal regulation that would permit the use of these autonomous means of transport.

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