CYIL Vol. 7, 2016

CYIL 7 ȍ2016Ȏ THE CONCEPTUAL ROLE OF HABITUAL RESIDENCE during Risorgimento , Mancini held the position of deputy in the Italian Parliament. Being a draftsman he prepared a legal proposition in the Committee on Legislation. Based on this draft personal status should have been governed by the law of nations to which the individual belonged. Art. 6 of Civil Code (Codice Civile) approved by Parliament in 1865 stated: La stato e le capacità delle persone ed i rapporti di famiglia sono regolati dalla legge della nazione a cui esse appartengono. The status and capacity of persons and family relations shall be governed by the law of the nations to which they belong. 27 The disposition of the provision placed the law of the nations to which the person vitally belonged into the normative core. The law of nations ruled in conflict situations relating to the personal status of a national. Particularly, Mancini determined the nationality (nazionalità) to be the essence (fondamento) of international law. 28 The principle of nationality placed an individual into the national community which supposedly had a common ancestor or ancestors. The state represented the fatherland for the members of the nation.The concept of fatherland included nationalistic content and an emotional element, whereas the concept of nation involved social content. In the period of the creation of nation states the principle of nationality acquired the interest of lawyers and law-makers across the continents. The Institut de Droit International , established in 1873 in Ghent, which was of no significance at the beginning, was used as an institutional tool to disseminate the principle of nationality. 29 During the second session of the Institute, held in Geneva, Mancini recommended in the Guidelines for the Special Part that the principle of nationality shall be used for the personal status: Lo Stato e la Capacità della Persona, i Rapporti di Famiglia ed i dirriti e le obbligazioni che ne derivano, debbono giudicarsi applicando le leggi della sua Patria, cioè della Nazione a cui essa appartiene; e solo sussidiariamente le leggi del suo attuale Domicili, allorchè diverse legislazioni civili coesistono in un medesimo Stato, ovvero si tratti di persone prive di nazionalità, o aventi doppla nazionalità. Status and capacity of a person, the family relations, and the rights and obligations dependent thereon shall be governed by application of the laws of his fatherland, that is the nation to which belongs; and only subsidiarily by application of the laws of his actual domicile when different civil legislations coexists in one State or when persons without nationality, or persons with double nationality. 30 27 Codice civile del Regno D’Italia. Torino: Stamperia reale, 1865. 28 MANCINI, Pasquale Stanislao. Diritto Internazionale . Volume unico, Napoli: Presso Giuseppe Marghieri, 1873, pp. 2-6. 29 Mancini took first chairmanship, Bluntschli was a founding member. 30 Institut de Droit International, Session de Genève, 1874, Rapport Préliminaire sur «L’Utilité de rendre

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