CYIL vol. 8 (2017)

BIRUTĖ PRANEVIČIENĖ – VIOLETA VASILIAUSKIENĖ

CYIL 8 ȍ2017Ȏ

IRREGULAR MIGRATION THROUGH SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE: ACTIONS BY COAST GUARD VESSELS AND NGO VESSELS Birutė Pranevičienė, Violeta Vasiliauskienė Abstract. The article analyses the status of different vessels participating in search and rescue and other maritime operations in the South Mediterranean migration route area. This route is used by almost 200,000 irregular migrants trying to reach European shores. In recent years, non-governmental organisations, such as Sea-Watch or MAOS, started participating in search and rescue operations alongside Italian Coast Guard vessels and EU mission vessels. This article analyses the different situations of irregular migration and the rights and duties of ships in search and rescue operations, outlining that the status of NGO vessels is similar to the status of passing-by merchant ships regarding the above mentioned operations. Further, the article analyses different emergency situations at sea and the criteria to distinguish when the search and rescue operations should be carried out. Finally, the actions of maritime interdiction against migrant smugglers are discussed. Resumé: Článek analyzuje status různých plavidel, které se účastní pátracích, záchranných a dalších námořních operací v oblasti migrační trasy jižního středomoří. Tato cesta byla využitá téměř 200 000 nelegálními migranty, kteří se snažili dosáhnout evropského pobře- ží. V posledních letech se nevládní organizace, jako jsou Sea-Watch nebo MAOS, zapojily do pátracích a záchranných operací společně s plavidly italské pobřežní stráže a plavidly EU. Tento článek analyzuje různé situace nelegální migrace a práva a povinnosti plavidel při pátracích a záchranných operacích, přičemž uvádí, že status nevládních plavidel je podobný status obchodních plavidel, plavících se v oblastí v souvislosti s uvedenými operacemi. Dále článek analyzuje různé nouzové situace na moři a kritéria pro rozlišení, kdy mají být pro- váděny pátrací a záchranné operace. Nakonec článek přináší diskusní pohledy v souvislosti s rozebírá opatřeními vedoucími k zákazu proti pašování migrantů na moři. Key words: search and rescue, maritime interdiction, South Mediterranean route, migrant smuggling, distress at sea. On the authors: Prof. Dr. Birutė Pranevičienė is a professor of Law at Mykolas Romeris University (Lithuania). Since 2003, she is Head of the Law Department in the Faculty of Public Security. As Head of the Law Department Prof. Dr. B. Praneviciene is responsible for all jurisprudence courses that are delivered in the Faculty of Public Security. She is actively involved in academic activity in all three levels of higher education: she gives lectures for bachelor and master students, also she is supervising doctoral students, and she is a convener of the module “The Global Context of European Border Security” in the Frontex project “European Joint Masters in Strategic Border Management”. Her scientific interest is focused on human rights, constitutional, administrative and environmental law issues. Dr. Violeta Vasiliauskienė teaches Public International Law and European Union Law in the Public Security faculty of Mykolas Romeris University in Lithuania. She also teaches the subjects of Hydrosphere Protection Policy and Legal Regulation and Human Rights

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