ŠAVŠ/TAČR Digital Czechia in a Digital Europe

Table of Contents

FOREWORD

7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES

11

01 DIGITALIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SERVICES

31

35

Digitalization Process and Prerequisites for Success

02 DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SKILLS AND ADDRESSING THE SHORTAGE OF ICT SPECIALISTS

49

52

Development of Digital and ICT Skills

57

Addressing the Lack of ICT Specialists

03 ELECTRONIC INVOICING AND ITS USE IN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

63

04DIGITALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

77

80

Building the Environment for Digitalization Processes

84

Financing and Support of Digitalization Changes

85

Gulf Between Has Yet to Emerge

86

Not All Digitalization is Digitalization

05 REGULATION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

93

Approaches to the Regulation of e-Government: to Centralize or Decentralize?

96

97

Decentralized Approaches

106

Centralized Approaches

116

Priority Objectives of e-Government in Selected European Countries

06 SUPPORTING STARTUPS AS A WAY TO DIGITALIZATION

119

123

Supporting Business in the European Union

129

Recommended EU Member States Favorable for Establishing a Startup