NGOs under European Convention on Human Rights / Tymofeyeva

victims. While the CCD would have been a vital mechanism in redressing the rights of the victims of serious violations committed in Darfur, it was never established. 1342 A number of other mechanisms of this type exist, for instance, the Commission for Resolution of Real Property Disputes (CRRPD), which collects and resolves Iraqi real property claims, with the assistance of the International Organization for Migration. 1343 3.1.4 Agreements between the states and non-state actors The last part of this section will briefly cover a few compensatory mechanisms, which were established by a special agreement between states and the other subjects of international law, such as intergovernmental organisations. This type of mechanism is specifically set up using a combination of international and national law. 1344 One of the first examples is the German Forced Labour Compensation Programme (hereinafter referred to as the ‘GFLCP’). As it is generally known, during WorldWar II, the German Reich exploited massive numbers of slave and forced labourers and deprived individuals of their private property. The victims of these violations were mainly from Eastern European countries. Under the US influence, the German Parliament passed the German Foundation Act 1345 establishing the German Foundation ‘Remembrance, Responsibility and Future’. The main purpose of this act was to establish a compensation programme for slave and forced labourers. In 2001, under the wider GFLCP overseen by International Organization for Migration (hereinafter referred to as the ‘IOM’), the Property Loss Programme (PLP) and the independent Property Claims Commission (PCC) were established. Approximately USD 108 million (200 million DM, currency at the time) was allocated to compensate Jewish and non-Jewish persons who suffered property losses or damage to property caused by the conduct of German companies under the Nazi regime. Property, for the purposes of this program, was defined as “any and all immovable, moveable, tangible and intangible assets”, which was a broader definition than used in any previous reparation programme. The IOM served as the secretariat aiming to prepare claims and suggest decisions, which the PCC subsequently reviewed and issued final decisions. By 31 December 2001, the stipulated deadline for claim submissions, the IOM had received more than 35,000 claims. Over half of the claims were filed by the victims’ heirs, which made determining the validity of the claims difficult. The Property Claims Commission completed its work in the spring of 2006 and approved to fully or partially compensate 5,500 claims. 1346 1342 ŠTURMA, P. Outline…, 2013, cited above, p. 27. 1343 Information on the compensation mechanism of the Commission for Resolution of Real Property Disputes is available from URL: accessed 20 July 2015. 1344 ŠTURMA, P. Outline…, 2013, cited above, p. 27. 1345 WÜHLER, N. Property restitution and compensation : practices and experiences of claims programmes . Geneva : IOM, 2009, p. 68. 1346 German Forced Labour Compensation Programme (GFLCP) Property Loss Programme. URL:

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