Střety zájmů při ochraně biodiverzity a klimatu

climate considerations, whose legal weight and specificity were significantly reinforced by the 2014 amendment. The European Commission has sought to support implementation through methodological guidance. While non-binding, these documents play a practical role in shaping practice. The first guidance on EIA and climate was issued in 2001 17 , subsequent documents in 2013 and 2017 provided more detailed recommendations. The 2013 guidance focused on integrating climate change mitigation, adaptation, and biodiversity into EIA, 18 while the 2017 guidance addressed different stages of the process, including screening, 19 scoping 20 and final report. 21 The Commission recommends early integration of climate aspects, including quantification of direct and indirect emissions. 22, 23 This encompasses both operational emissions and those from associated developments, such as expanded transport infrastructure. Suggested tools include GHG calculators, life-cycle assessment methodologies, and climate scenario modelling. The guidance further recommends considering national and EU climate targets at the screening stage, and identifying synergies or conflicts between climate mitigation measures and other environmental interests, such as biodiversity. 24, 25 But it does not establish clear thresholds for when GHG emissions must be quantified or criteria for evaluating their significance. This ambiguity leaves substantial discretion to Member States and competent authorities, contributing to uneven implementation across the EU. 17 VOMÁČKA, Klimatické změny a EIA . 18 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into Environ- mental Impact Assessment [online]. Available at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ 3ed0e5787f24-4073-81c9-f279c6d4b3cf [accessed 2025-07-29]. 19 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects – Guidance on Screening (Directive 2011/92/EU as amended by 2014/52/EU) [online]. Available at: https://circabc.europa.eu/ ui/group/3b48eff1b955-423f-9086-0d85ad1c5879/library/a9f8a19a-fba5-440f-abf2-29d3f9ed7a63/ details?download=true [accessed 2025-07-29]. 20 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects – Guidance on Scoping (Directive 2011/92/ EU as amended by 2014/52/EU) [online]. Available at: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/3b48eff1 b955423f-9086-0d85ad1c5879/library/38742302-d9d2-41e1-85de-aa88653ebe7c/details?download=true [accessed 2025-07-29].. 21 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects – Guidance on the Preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Directive 2011/92/EU as amended by 2014/52/EU) [online]. Available at: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/3b48eff1-b955-423f-9086-0d85ad1c5879/library/ b7451988-d8694fee-80de-0935695f67f2/details?download=true [accessed 2025-07-29]. 22 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into Environmental Impact Assessment , p. 26. 23 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Guidance on the Preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report , p. 41. 24 EUROPEAN COMISSION. Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity , p. 56–58. 25 Ibidem.

144