Střety zájmů při ochraně biodiverzity a klimatu

and reconciliation, 5 the evidence from ongoing legal disputes indicates a persistent systemic dissonance. 6 This conflict is particularly pronounced and tangible in the application of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). 7 The ECT, a multilateral, legally binding international investment agreement, was created in response to the post-Cold War geopolitical landscape. 8 Signed in 1994, it is the world’s most frequently invoked international investment agreement 9 and the central battleground where conflicting aspects of investment protection and climate or environmental policies collide. 10 The core aim of the ECT is to facilitate energy transit, 11 provide energy security 12 and long-term energy cooperation between states 13 by creating a stable legal framework that attracts foreign investment in the energy sector. To achieve this, the ECT provides investment 5 Levashova examines this issue in the case of the ECT, stating that the ECT will remain in force for many years to come due to its sunset clause, therefore finding a way to reconcile the treaty with climate goals is essential, see LEVASHOVA, Yulia. New Wine in Old Wineskins? Climate Cases and the Energy Charter Treaty. In: QUIRICO, Ottavio and Katarzyna KWAPISZ WILLIAMS (eds). The European Union and the Evolving Architectures of International Economic Agreements . Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023, pp. 75–93. ISBN 978-981-9923-29-8; FIRGER, D. M. and M. GERRARD. Harmonizing Climate Change Policy and International Investment Law: Threats, Challenges and Opportunities. In: SAUVANT, K. P. (ed.). Yearbook of International Investment Law & Policy 2010-2011 . New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-981235-6. 6 TIENHAARA, Kyla. The Expropriation of Environmental Governance: Protecting Foreign Investors at the Expense of Public Policy . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 340. ISBN 978-0 521-11487-5; VAN HARTEN, Gus. Five Justifications for Investment Treaties: A Critical Discussion. Online. Trade, Law and Development . 2010, Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 19–58. Available from: https://dx.doi. org/10.2139/ssrn.1622928 [accessed 2025-08-15]. 7 Energy Charter Treaty, adopted on 17 December 1994. 8 ÖGÜTÇÜ, Mehmet. Eurasian Energy Prospects and Politics: Need for a Longer-Term Western Strategy. In: WÄLDE, Thomas W. (ed.). The Energy Charter Treaty: An East-West Gateway for Investment and Trade . London: Kluwer Law International, 1996, p. 72. ISBN 90-411-0913-7. 9 For statistics on applicable IIAs in investment dispute settlements, see UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub. Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator . Online. 31 August 2025. Available from: https://in vestmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement [accessed 2025-09-15]. For ECT Secretariat Statistics, see ECT SECRETARIAT. Statistics . Online. 31 August 2025. Available from: https://www. energychartertreaty.org/cases/statistics/ [accessed 2025-09-15]. 10 SALVATORE, Lea Di. Investor–State Disputes in the Fossil Fuel Industry. Online. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. Available from: https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/ investor-state-disputes-fossil-fuel-industry [accessed 2025-8-16]. 11 Article 7 of the ECT. 12 Preamble, Article 7 and Article 18 of the ECT; ŠVEC, Martin. Dohoda k energetické chartě jako klíčový nástroj mezinárodního energetického práva: 20. výročí jejího vstupu v platnost. Online. Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi . 2019, Vol. 27, Issue 4, p. 521. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5817/CPVP2019 4-5 [accessed 2025-8-10]. 13 Article 2 of the ECT.

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