Sustainable Solutions for SCM

A specific conversion factor g is used to transfer the energy consumption into the emission. All calculations can be done for the well-to-wheel or tank-to-wheel separately. In Table 6.3, the conversion factors are summarised. Table 6.3 Conversion factors for well-to-wheel (calculation according to [4]) Energy source MJ/kg MJ/l kg CO 2 e/kg kg CO 2 e/l Diesel 51.3 42.7 3.9 3.24 Kerosene 52.5 42.0 3.88 3.1 Heavy fuel oil 44.1 42.7 3.41 3.31

MJ/kWh

kg CO 0.583 0.242

e/kWh

2

Electricity Germany 9.7

Natural gas

4.1

Example 5: A plane transports different goods from Hamburg to Leipzig. From there, the transport to the final distribution is done by a single truck. The truck needs 50 l of diesel; the plane needs 6,000 l of kerosene. The energy consumption and the total emissions are in this case in Table 6.4. Table 6.4 Energy consumption and emission Consumption F Conversion factor e / g Standardised consumption Truck 50 l 42.7 MJ/l 2,135 MJ Plane 6,000 l 42.0 MJ/l 25,200 MJ Total 27,335 MJ 18,762 kg The total emission of the plane is by far higher than for the transport by truck. The energy consumption F in equation (6.6) and equation (6.7) can be calculated with the payload capacity W , the transport distance D and the specific energy consumption E in l, kg or kWh per t km or TEU-km: F = W x D x E (6.8) It is common that goods are transported by standardised container. An intermodal way of transportation is in this case possible. The container itself and its weight have to be considered in the calculation. The volume of a container is given in TEU (Twenty Equivalent Units). One TEU is 20 feet long. A truck in Europe can carry up to two TEU. Average values for the total weight for the transport of containers are given in Table 6.5. Emission Truck 50 l 3.24 kg CO 2 3.1 kg CO 2 e/l e/l 162 kg Plane Total 6,000 l 18,600 kg

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