Sustainable Solutions for SCM

Other studies from the UK have a higher consumption in lightning and less consumption in air-conditioning. A typical measurement for assessing the environmental impact is the energy consumption in kWh per m² and year. Depending on the function of the warehouse, the consumption varies from 40 to 120 kWh/m² year. Using these values and the conversion factor from kWh to kg CO 2 e, the emissions of a warehouse can be calculated. Example 10: A warehouse in Germany with a cooling section has an energy consumption of 110 kWh/m² year. The total size of the warehouse is 4,500 m². The conversion factor for the German energy mix from kWh to kg CO 2 e is 0.535 for the year 2015. The total emission G is: The conversion factor from the regional energy mix is essential for this calculation. It depends on the resource mix for the energy production in the different countries. Countries with a major part of renewable energy like Norway or nuclear energy like France have a low carbon dioxide intensive way of producing energy. Countries with a majority of coal and wood like India have a high factor. Different tools of carbon calculators exist in the web. One suitable one is the Simple Carbon Calculator of the UK National Energy Foundation [9]. 6.4.3 Assessing the impact Different organisations established a rating system for a sustainable building scheme. Social, ecological and environmental aspects are graded by different KPI. Using a point-based system of criteria, the final classification can be done. Criteria are, for example, energy and pollution, land use and ecology, location and transport, water efficiency. The most used accreditation schemes are: • Germany: DGNB (German Sustainable Building Council). • England: BREEM (Buidling Research Establishment Environment). • USA: LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment). • Australia: Greenstar (a voluntary environmental grading system). • Japan:CASBEE(ComprehensiveAssessmentSystemforBuildingEnvironmental Efficiency). In total, there are more than 60 different labels from different countries and organisations. The German DGNB has more than 1,200 buildings accredited (09/2016) – see Figure 6.8.

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