Sustainable Solutions for SCM

Problem: Together, these three stresses – climate change, urban population growth, and land use change – have placed enormous pressure on the water management capacity of the cities of the American West. University researchers also stand to gain from such collaborations by refining their assumptions based on the perspective of practitioners and gaining insights based on internal management perspectives that may not otherwise be accessible. Additionally, university researchers engaged in collaboration may co-design their research with practitioners and conduct research together. Such collaborative research is highly like to result in mutually beneficial outcomes to both parties, fulfilling of intellectual scientific inquiry of university searchers while meeting the practical decision-relevant needs of utility managers. The involvement of students in such collaborative research further fulfils the missions of both institutions. With explicit local community partner engagement, university researchers educate students who, at the end of the students’ education, are highly knowledgeable in local water issues and thus are readily employable to partner organisations. Results: utility personnel felt that engagement with local universities had the potential to provide several benefits to both utilities and researchers, including opportunities for data sharing, pooling or sharing resources, sharing of experiences, making professional connections, the co-development of research tools, training opportunities for utility personnel, student opportunities and joint research opportunities. Trust makes social life predictable, it creates a sense of community, and it makes it easier for people to work together. Trust can be said to be the basis of all social institutions. Trust, they continue, is related closely to social capital, which also includes: reciprocity, common rules, norms, sanctions and connectedness in institutions and serves as the foundation upon which adaptive capacity and collaboration are built. Conclusion: this research has identified three significant barriers to collaboration between water managers and university researchers that impede adaptive water resource management. The first barrier is a lack of transparent communication and trust between potential collaborators, which suggests that steps must be taken to develop regular communication so that strong, trusted working relationships are in place before a new challenge emerges. The second barrier has to do with a mismatch in both the spatial and temporal scales at which water managers and scientists tend to operate. Spatially, university researchers engaged in water management research do not always operate at the local scale that tends to be most relevant to the work of water utilities. Temporally, there is an incompatibility in the timeframes in which utilities seek to serve the immediate needs of their customers and researchers seek publication and funding opportunities in a slow- moving reward structure. Finally, there is the issue of misaligned institutional expectations and what is ultimately rewarded for utility personnel and those operating in academe. Shu-Chin and Tzong-Heng: A qualitative study of interdisciplinary cooperation on computer and English: A case study of Aletheia University participated in international volunteer service learning to Inner Mongolia [40] The project was supported by the cooperation of cross-university volunteer services, including computer donations, computer classroom construction, and Technology and

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