CYIL vol. 12 (2021)

CYIL 12 (2021)

THE 50 TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION…

Treaty:

Scope:

Duration:

Observations:

Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty

Establishes the limitation of anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used for defense against nuclear weapons coupled with ballistic missiles (Article 1). Each party was limited to two ABM complexes, each limited to 100 anti-ballistic missiles. Provides for the elimination of intermediate-range and short- range missiles. It applies to ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and does not apply to missiles launched by air or sea. The START Treaty calls for reductions in the strategic nuclear arsenals of the Parties such that, no later than 84 months after entry into force of the Treaty, each Party‘s strategic offensive arms (SOA). The Treaty establishes a complex and intrusive verification regime to help verify compliance, permitting OSI, production monitoring, notification, data exchanges and cooperative measures to enhance National Technical Means (NTM) of verification. Establishes the reduction and limitation of the use of strategic offensive weapons.

Signed on 26 May, 1972. Entered into force on October 3, 1972.

On December 13, 2001, George W. Bush notified Russia of the US renunciation of the ABM Treaty.

Intermediate- Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty

Signed on 8 December, 1987.

On Aug. 2, 2019, the United States formally withdrew from the INF Treaty.

Entered into force on 1 June, 1988.

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) I

Signed on 31 July, 1991. Entered into force on 5 December, 1994. The treaty expired on 5 December, 2009.

On May 23, 1992, the United States and the four nuclear-capable successor states to the Soviet Union signed the Lisbon Protocol, which made all five nations party to the START I agreement.

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) II

Signed on 3 January, 1993. Entered into force on 14 April, 2000. On June 14, 2000, Boris Yeltsen notified the US of Russia‘s withdrawal from the Treaty. Signed on 24 May, 2002. Entered into force on June 1, 2003. Expired on 5 February, 2011.

Russia announced that it would no longer consider itself to be bound by START II provisions after the US withdrew from the ABM Treaty.

Strategic Offensive Reduction Treaty (SORT)

Both parties agreed to each limit their nuclear arsenal to between 1,700 and 2,200 operationally deployed warheads.

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