CYIL vol. 12 (2021)

CYIL 12 (2021) Universal, Regional, and National Ways of Regulation of Jurisdiction … serves an opposite purpose – through jurisdiction agreements parties bind to resolve their dispute in national courts they have chosen. 3 Both jurisdiction and arbitration agreements, however, reflect parties’ autonomy and their choice of a specific forum in which to resolve their dispute. 4 Both arbitration and jurisdiction agreements facilitate the relatively certain, predictable, and efficient resolution of disputes, and minimize the likelihood of multiple proceedings. 5 Bělohlávek adds that both agreements are: “ Capable of having the effects sanctioned by procedural law, including the capacity to vest a state or a non-state forum with jurisdiction to resolve potential disputes .” 6 Jurisdiction and arbitration agreements are governed by legal instruments on international levels – the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 7 ( NY Convention ) and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements 8 ( Hague Convention ), regional levels – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters 9 ( Brussels Ibis Regulation ), and national levels. The aim of these legal regulations is comparable – to provide parties with certainty that any disputes will be resolved in the way they had previously agreed, to make sure that such agreement will be given effect, and to ensure that any resulting judgment can be easily enforced. Considerable differences in regulation of jurisdiction and arbitration agreements under these legal instruments could, however, impede their application. Identifying the differences in the regulation of jurisdiction and arbitration agreements under various legal instruments should be a part of any contracting process involving such agreements. This applies even more because of Brexit. The Brussels Ibis Regulation is no longer applicable in the United Kingdom and the Hague Convention is perceived as one of the possible options for maintaining certainty on issues of jurisdiction and enforcement between the United Kingdom and the European Union ( the EU ). 10 In terms of litigation, the Hague Convention provides a regime that is similar in effect to that of the NY Convention and 4 Bělohláv , J. A. Rozhodčí řízení, ordre public a trestní právo: komentář . [Arbitration, Ordre Public and Criminal Law: Commentary.] Praha: C. H. Beck, 2008, pp. 109, 110; see also Hrnčiříková, Halla, Malacka, Ryšavý. Mediační, prorogační a rozhodčí doložky o řešení přeshraničních sporů [Mediation, Prorogation and arbitration clauses for cross-border dispute,], p. 10. 5 Keyes, M., Brook, A. M. Jurisdiction agreements: exclusive, optional and asymmetrical . Journal of Private International Law . 2015, č. 1, p. 348. 6 Bělohláv , J. A. Arbitration: Principles & particularities (op. cit. sub 1), p. 42. 7 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, available at: https:// www.newyorkconvention.org/11165/web/files/original/1/5/15432.pdf. 8 The Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, available at: https://assets.hcch.net/docs/510bc238- 7318-47ed-9ed5-e0972510d98b.pdf. 9 Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215&from=EN. 10 Newing, H., Webster, L. Could the Hague Convention Bring Greater Certainty for Cross-Border Disputes Post Brexit: And What Would This Mean for International Arbitration. Third-Party Funders in International [online]. HeinOnline . 2016 [cit. 24. 3. 2021]. p. 106, available at: https://home.heinonline.org/ content/databases/. 3 Magnus, U., Mankowski, P. European commentaries on private international law (ECPIL): commentary . Köln: Otto Schmidt, 2016, p. 243.

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