ŠAVŠ/TAČR Digital Czechia in a Digital Europe

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Table 1 – Selected factors influencing the creation of startups.

EU Member State Does the pub- lic administra- tion support the creation of startups?

Corporate income tax rate of legal entities in 2019 [%]

The average time required to establish a business corpo- ration [days]

Unemploy- ment rate in 2018

Average wage in 2018 [EUR]

[%]

Austria

YES YES YES

25

8

6.7 5.5 5.2

3,632

Belgium Bulgaria

29.58

1.5

3,401

10

2

586

Croatia

YES

18

3

7.7

1,081

Cyprus [1]

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

12.5

2

8.8

1,179

Czech Republic

19

3

2.1 5.1

1,149 5,191

Denmark

22

1

Estonia

14–20

1.5

4.6

1,221

Finland

20 28

4

6.8

3,380

France

3.5

9.1

2,957

Germany [2]

15

6.9

3.3

3,703

Greece

28

0.7

18.6

1,092

Hungary

9

1

3.7

955

Ireland

12.5

3.5

5.3

3,133

Italy

24

1

10.3

2,534

Latvia

20

2

7.1

1,013

Lithuania

15 15

3.5

6.3 4.9 3.8 3.6

885

Luxembourg

3 3

4,412 1,379 2,855 1,102 1,158

Malta

35 19 19

Netherlands

1 1 1

Poland

3.5

Portugal

21

3.6 3.8

Romania

16

2

787

Slovakia

21

10

6.1

980

Slovenia

19

2.86

5.2

1,626 2,189 3,340

Spain

25

3

14.3

Sweden

21.4

10.5

6.2

United Kingdom YES 2,498 Source: own research according to https://www.statista.com/statistics/879739/ average- time-to-start-a-company-in-eu-countries/ a https://www.statista.com/ statistics/268830/ unemployment-rate-in-eu-countries/ a https://www.reinisfischer.com/average-salary- european-union-2018 a https://www.expatica.com/ [1] However, the real tax rate will in fact be even lower due to the various existing tax incentive. [2] Although the basic tax rate for corporate income tax is 15%, the real tax rate will be higher due to the solidarity contribution and business tax, which business corporations must also pay to the state budget. 19 1 4