Sborník č. 51

na teoretická východiska, z nichž jednotlivé právní úpravy vychází, a srovnává je z hle- diska aplikace na případy, kdy dotčené jednání vede k lidskému úmrtí. Abstract Necessity as a defence in criminal law is generally considered to be the widest andmost general of all criminal law defences to which other defences are in relation of speciality. The fact that the present day notion of necessity is a product of case law rather then legislative procedure is one of the reasons of the many differences one encounters in its definition in diverse criminal law systems. Using theoretical example borrowed from the field of moral philosophy and called the Trolley Problem, the author illustrates the most important of such differences in criminal law of the Czech Republic, France, Germany and United Kingdom. The author also elaborates on theoretical background of the differences in the notion of necessity using the philosophical doctrine of double effect and compares their application on examples involving human death.

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